Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis Paper Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis BY Mike-Biello Steve Jobs carried on with a real existence unrivaled by the normal man. Raising the absolute best partnerships from the beginning, being at the cutting edge of the innovative unrest, and fighting pancreatic disease for various years were everything that he prevailing with regards to achieving all through his 56 years of life. He additionally happened to convey a splendid beginning location to one of the best scholastic foundations on the planet. Any college alum in the crowd that bright evening at Stanford University was in for a treat. The incongruity behind the entire circumstance was simply the demonstration that Steve Jobs, albeit seemingly one of the best men of the 21st century, never graduated school. this is the nearest Ive ever gotten to a school graduation, Jobs admits following he starts talking. All through the discourse, the encounters he imparts to the crowd all offer a typical subject; the quest for joy will lead you not far off of progress on the off chance that you follow your instinct and do what makes you genuinely upbeat. He passes on this message with the utilization of a circumstances and logical results examination, differentiation, and individual stories. Individual encounters help to make and create singularity. Steve Jobs took in this at an early age as a youngster going to Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Employments was not sure what he needed to do with his life and was uncertain while choosing a significant. Following a half year he chose to drop out of school and wound up resting some place other than his very own position. We will compose a custom exposition test on Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Steve Jobs Rhetorical Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Occupations clarifies, l didnt have an apartment, so I dozed on the floor in companions rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5C stores to purchase food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town each Sunday night to get one great feast seven days at the Hare Krishna sanctuary. (l) Initially it appeared to be to some degree odd for him to make reference to a phase in his life that took after the way of life of a drifter. As he keeps on talking, you understand he shares his school encounters to identify with his crowd on an increasingly close to home level. Employments needed to introduce himself in a way that numerous undergrads could identify with somehow. Despite the fact that these conditions may not appear to be perfect for most, Jobs adored it. With so much available time to burn, he dropped in on classes he figured he would appreciate. Reed College around then offered maybe the best calligraphy guidance in he nation I found out about serif and san serif typefaces, about fluctuating the measure of room between various letter mixes, about what makes incredible typography extraordinary. (l) At the time, he took the class just in light of the fact that he figured he might want it. After ten years, his choice to learn calligraphy would take care of when planning the new Macintosh PC. At the point when we were planning the primary Macintosh (PC), everything returned to me. Also, we planned everything into the Mac. It was the primary PC with wonderful typography. On the off chance that I had never dropped in on that solitary course in school, he Mac would have never had various typefaces or relatively divided textual styles. (l) Jobs had gone to a class for reasons unknown other than to get the hang of something he figured he would appreciate and it wound up assisting with characterizing a progressive PC framework. The manner in which he adapted to the difficulty of his circumstance gave him encounters and circumstances and logical results technique in his discourse, the reason being him dropping out of classes and the impact being the procurement of an inestimable PC typeface framework. What's more, since Windows Just replicated the Mac, its probable that no PC would have them (1). He additionally jabs a smidgen of fun at his rivals. Beginning a business is a choice that over a large portion of a million people in our nation choose to make each year. The undeniable objective of every business is to amplify benefits, anyway numerous organizations battle to locate the correct formula for progress. Steve Jobs and dear companion Steve Wozniacki chose to fire up the organization Apple in Jobs carport at twenty years old. We buckled down, and in 10 years Apple had developed from Just both of us in a carport into a two billion dollar organization with more than 4000 employees(l). It appeared there was no halting the development of Apple, Jobs had at long last found omething he wanted to do. At thirty years old be that as it may, Jobs got some lamentable news. He was terminated from the organization that he had begun. To go from a place of apparently boundless potential to being jobless, there appears to be no greater complexity in way of life. In any case, instead of setting down and conceding rout Jobs chooses to conceptualize new thoughts and enters what he considers to be one of the most imaginative phases of his life. The largeness of being fruitful was supplanted by the delicacy of being an apprentice once more, more uncertain about everything(l). Throughout the following five years, a few significant occasions occur in Jobs life. He begins two new organizations, NeXT and Pixar, and finds the lady he needs to wed. Before long, something would occur next that nobody could have foreseen. In a momentous unforeseen development, Apple purchased NeXT, and I came back to Apple, and the innovation we created at NeXT is at the core of Apples current renaissance and he likewise includes, And Laurene and I have an awesome family together(l). Steve shares this story with the crowd to demonstrate that regardless of what circumstance you get set in, capitalizing on it will pay off. He realizes that as school graduates going to ente r the orkforce, being set in a domain new to them is very likely. So as to succeed you should have the option to follow your heart and adjust to your new environmental factors. Im almost certain none of this would have occurred on the off chance that I hadnt been terminated from Apple. It was horrendous tasting medication, however I surmise the patient required it(l). Finding the splendid side of any circumstance, regardless of how improvise might be, is a basic advance in the modifying procedure. Employments is urging the Stanford graduates to be strong to any affliction they face. All through his discourse, Jobs talked about in detail three occasions that had a trustworthy ffect on the individual he had become. The explanation these individual accounts reverberated so emphatically with me was because of the way that every one of them were negative encounters instead of positive ones. What Jobs needed the crowd to detract from these encounters was the way that achievement isn't anything but difficult to get a hold of and you will confront battles en route. The explanation he succeeded is on the grounds that he never abandoned doing what he adored, and any test you beat will just make you progressively skilled at dealing with comparative circumstances later on. Characteristic of his reputation, the crowd has a strong impetus to listen his recommendation. At the point when I was 17, I read a statement that went something like: If you live every day as though it was your last, some time or another youll unquestionably be correct. (l). Occupations was resolved to leave his imprint on the world. By just this man sets a model that would be insightful to follow. He talks with certainty and his tone guarantees those listening that his life would not have turned out a similar way on the off chance that he hadnt blasted his own preliminary and was impacted by the voices of others. mfour time is restricted, so dont squander it living somebody elses life. Dont be caught by authoritative opinion which is living with the aftereffects of different people groups thinking(l). Steve Jobs was a ndividual who realized what he needed throughout everyday life. He didn't permit anybody to obstruct upon his advancement and his prosperity will affect those Stanford graduates well after they continue from the arena. Addresses can be ground-breaking. Be that as it may, when not conveyed in a compelling way, they can likewise have an unfavorable impact. Steve Jobs makes a splendid Showing exhibiting the approach to conveying a discourse. He doesn't talk down to the understudies, yet rather he levels out the playing field. They understudies can identify with Jobs since everybody experiences battles throughout everyday life, its how you manage those truggles that has a significant effect. What he needed for the alumni he was talking also was simply to give them the certainty to do anything they desire in existence with no hesitance. He additionally states, Stay Hungry. Remain Foolish. It was their goodbye message as they closed down. Remain Hungry. Remain Foolish. Also, Ive consistently wanted that for myself. Furthermore, presently, as you graduate to start once again, I wish that for you: Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish(l). Regardless; the quest for satisfaction will lead you not far off of achievement in the event that you follow your instinct and do what makes you genuinely upbeat.

Free Essays on Communication And Race

Correspondence and Race The most basic parts of media execution with respect to race and ethnicity are issues that identify with the nature of its portrayal of the lives of non-white individuals. Exactness and decent variety are parts of media execution that will take into consideration a cautious assessment of how it speaks to non-white individuals. Assessing media execution is significant on account of the use and dependence on the broad communications for quite a bit of society's reflexive observing and assessment of the real world. The presentation of broad communications is significant concerning race and ethnicity on the grounds that the broad communications are the essential wellspring of circuitous or interceded encounters that fortify racial perspectives and convictions that are coordinated into subjective structures (Gandy, 1998). Hence, broad communications can be seen as spots where the truth is built and prejudice might be duplicated. Exactness Accuracy is a significant part of media execution to consider in surveying the nature of its portrayal of the lives of minorities on account of its accepted results of creating mental self view and individual character and its impression of social reality that advises social approach (Gandy 1998). Shan and Thorton (1994) express that past research of minority bunches has indicated that minorities are now and again portrayed as being vicious, crude, and politically unsophisticated. Furthermore, they hypothesize that specific kinds of practices among minorities might be comprehended by whites as neurotic or degenerate due to how the news media speak to them. This portrayal is off base since it overlooks chronicled setting and auxiliary clarifications for social patterns. Likewise, Shan and Thorton express that newsmagazines replicate prejudice by propagating a racial progression completed by predominantly whites and devoured by for the most part whites that situated blacks at the base. Entman (1990) found that neighborhood news invig orated the creation of present day prejudice. Vicious violations comm... Free Essays on Communication And Race Free Essays on Communication And Race Correspondence and Race The most basic parts of media execution with respect to race and ethnicity are issues that identify with the nature of its portrayal of the lives of non-white individuals. Exactness and decent variety are parts of media execution that will consider a cautious assessment of how it speaks to non-white individuals. Assessing media execution is significant as a result of the usage and dependence on the broad communications for quite a bit of society's reflexive checking and assessment of the real world. The presentation of broad communications is significant with respect to race and ethnicity in light of the fact that the broad communications are the essential wellspring of aberrant or intervened encounters that strengthen racial mentalities and convictions that are incorporated into intellectual structures (Gandy, 1998). In this manner, broad communications can be seen as spots where the truth is developed and bigotry might be replicated. Exactness Accuracy is a significant part of medi a execution to consider in surveying the nature of its portrayal of the lives of ethnic minorities on account of its expected results of creating mental self view and individual personality and its impression of social reality that educates social approach (Gandy 1998). Shan and Thorton (1994) express that past research of minority bunches has demonstrated that minorities are in some cases portrayed as being fierce, crude, and politically unsophisticated. Furthermore, they hypothesize that specific kinds of practices among minorities might be comprehended by whites as neurotic or freak as a result of how the news media speak to them. This portrayal is erroneous on the grounds that it disregards chronicled setting and basic clarifications for social patterns. What's more, Shan and Thorton express that newsmagazines replicate prejudice by propagating a racial chain of command did by mostly whites and devoured by predominantly whites that situated blacks at the base. Entman (1990) foun d that neighborhood news animated the creation of present day prejudice. Vicious wrongdoings comm...

Business potential of data solutions in the kolkata sme market - Free Essay Example

1. AUTHORISATION The project Business potential of data solutions in the Kolkata SME market has been done during my Summer Internship Program at Vodafone India during February to May of 2011, as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of PGPM program of IBS Kolkata. 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Summer Internship Program at Vodafone India was a great learning experience for me. The project was quite interesting as the telecom industry is a highly evolving industry in India with intense competition and lots of changes happening. The project would not have been a smooth run for me without the help of lots of people. I would like to mention Mr. Saugat Kumars (company guide) help at Vodafone with respect to practical exposure to the telecom industry. He had given me thorough insight into the dynamics of the telecom industry and also facilitated practical exposure through variety of activities. I would also like to acknowledge Mr. Siddhartha Kars (marketing manager) guidance regarding project formulation, questionnaire designing and chalking out a plan towards effective execution of the project. Also, there were a lot of other people at Vodafone, who helped me to understand this industry and work through my project. In the academic front, I would like to mention the support of my faculty guide Prof. Bhaskar Basu and my SIP coordinator Dr. Subir Sen. They have given me constant guidance throughout my project regarding academics and SIP formalities. Most importantly, I am grateful to my family who had been always supportive and encouraging in all my endeavors. 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. Authorisation 3 2. Acknowledgement 4 3. Table of Contents 5 4. Executive Summary 6 5. Introduction 7 5.1. Telecom Industry: Market Scenario 8 5.1.1. Global Scenario 8 5.1.2. Indian Scenario 17 5.2. Indian Telecom Industry 21 5.2.1. Indian Telecom Industry Framework 21 5.2.2. Indian Telecom Circles 22 6. Vodafone: About the Company 23 7. Vodafone: SWOT Analysis 24 8. Description of the Project in Brief 25 9. Objectives of the Project 25 10. Kolkata SME Market 25 11. Vodafone: Products Services 26 12. Summary of the Work Done 26 13. Methodology 28 14. Limitations of the Study 28 15. Questionnaire Design 28 16. Analysis of the Market Survey 30 17. Conclusion 41 18. Recommendations 41 19. Appendix (Questionnaire) 42 20. Bibliography References 50 4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of my Summer Internship Program of IBS Kolkata, I got an opportunity to do an assignment at Vodafone India. The project was Business potential of data solutions in the Kolkata SME market. Vodafone is one of the premier telecom companies globally and getting an opportunity to work there helped me gain a lot of exposure in the corporate world. The Telecom is a high volume industry in India with lot of competition. The Telecom industry in India is divided into 23 circles and around 14 telecom service providers are presently operating in these circles. The most prominent among the service providers are Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance Communication, Tata Teleservices, BSNL, MTNL, Idea Cellular, Aircel, Uninor etc. The telecom products and services can be broadly classified into voice and data. The data solutions primarily include data cards, Blackberry services, mobile internet, internet leased line and wireline broadband. Vodafones business operations are broadly classified into business and consumer divisions. My project was in the business division and was focused into the SME market of Kolkata. For Vodafone, a SME company is typically a company with annual turnover ranging from 10 to 250 crore rupees. The SME market of Kolkata is highly diversified with companies ranging from various industries, which include manufacturing, en gineering, IT/ ITES, healthcare, education, hospitality, financial services, travel tourism, logistics, real estate, trading (whole sellers/ retailers), pharmaceuticals, etc. In the initial phase of my summer internship at Vodafone, I was required to do secondary research about the telecom industry (both national and global). From the secondary research, I learnt a great deal about the major telecom companies, telecom products services, evolution of telecom technologies and the key operational issues of the telecom industry. Next I was given exposure to field operations through tele-marketing, visiting SME clients, traveling with the sales team, visiting distributors of the company and market mapping. The field exposure helped me to get a feel of the market at the basic level. This exposure later proved to be hugely beneficial when I started doing market survey. The methodology of the project was to do a market research on a sample (consisting of SME companies in the Kolkata area). For time constraints, the sample size was kept at 65. Questionnaire was designed and market survey was conducted. Analysis was done on the data collected, ranging from SME company profiles, market size of the sample with respect to different products, client perception regarding various attributes of telecom service providers, competition among service providers and future SME market implications. From the initial analysis it was found that the SME clients are highly demanding with respect to value they are getting and the price of the products. They were highly aware of their businesss end to end operations and knew very well what kind of products would add value to their business operations. Regarding data solutions, wireless data has huge potential in the coming years. The whole project helped me to learn a lot about the telecom industry and also get exposure to the sales marketing operations of a MNC company like Vodafone. 5. INTRODUCTION The Telecom Industry has evolved a great deal over the past two decades. Advancement in communication and information technology has changed the industry structure dramatically. Earlier our communication needs were restricted to landline phones. But now almost everybody has a mobile phone connection. Mobile phones have changed our lives immensely. It has given us the power of communication anytime anywhere. At present the industry is going through tremendous transformation with the convergence of telecommunication, information technology and computer technology and thus making vast resources of information available in the palm of our hands. Wireless internet is the latest trend in the industry with the advent of 3G technology and in the long term there should be information boom, with gradual advancement towards LTE (long term evolution) and 4G. Wireless internet boom has already been experienced outside India mainly in North American, European and South East Asian markets. It has e ntered India quite late with roll out of 3G and is expected to create huge impact in our social and professional lives. This project is only concerned with the business potential of data solutions. Before going deep into the project let me give a brief idea about the telecommunication industry, telecommunication technologies, major telecom players and various products services. 5.1. TELECOM INDUSTRY: MARKET SCENARIO 5.1.1. GLOBAL SCENARI By the end of 2010, there was an approximately 5.3 billion mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide, including 940 million subscriptions to 3G services. Access to mobile networks is now available to 90% of the world population and 80% of the population living in rural areas. People are moving rapidly from 2G to 3G platforms, in both developed and developing countries. In 2010, 143 countries were offering 3G services commercially, compared to 95 in 2007. Towards 4G: a number of countries have started to offer services at even higher broadband speeds, moving to next generation wireless platforms they include Sweden, Norway, Ukraine and the United States. Mobile cellular growth is slowing worldwide. In developed countries, the mobile market is reaching saturation levels with on average 116 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants at the end of 2010 and a marginal growth of 1.6% from 2009-2010. At the same time, the developing world is increasing its share of mobile subscriptions from 53% of total mobile subscriptions at the end of 2005 to 73% at the end of 2010. In the developing world, mobile cellular penetration rates was expected to reach 68% at the end of 2010 mainly driven by the Asia and Pacific region. India and China alone were expected to add over 300 million mobile subscriptions in 2010. In the African region, penetration rates would reach an estimated 41% at the end of 2010 (compared to 76% globally) leaving a significant potential for growth. The number of Internet users has doubled between 2005 and 2010. In 2010, the number of Internet users would surpass the two billion mark, of which 1.2 billion would be in developing countries. A number of countries, including Estonia, Finland and Spain have declared access to the Internet as a legal right for citizens. With more than 420 million Internet users, China is the largest Internet market in the world. While 71% of the population in developed countries are online, only 21% of the population in developing countries are online. By the end of 2010, Internet user penetration in Africa would reach 9.6%, far behind both the world average (30%) and the developing country average (21%). While in developing countries 72.4% of households have a TV, only 22.5% have a computer and only 15.8% have Internet access (compared to 98%, 71% and 65.6% respectively in developed countries). At the end of 2010, half a billion households worldwide (or 29.5%) would have access to the Internet. In some countries, including the Republic of Korea, Netherlands and Sweden, more than 80% of households have Internet access, almost all of them through a broadband connection. The number of people having access to the Internet at home has increased from 1.4 billion in 2009 to almost 1.6 billion in 2010. There has been strong growth in fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions, in both developed and developing countries. At the end of 2010, fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions would reach an estimated 555 million globally (or 8% penetration), up from 471 million (or 6.9% penetration) a year earlier. Despite these promising trends, penetration levels in developing countries remain low: 4.4 subscriptions per 100 people compared to 24.6 in developed countries. The developing worlds share of fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions is growing steadily. By the end of 2010, the developing world would account for an estimated 45% of global subscriptions (up from 42% five years earlier). Africa still lags behind when it comes to fixed (wired) broadband. Although subscriptions are increasing, a penetration rate of less than 1% illustrates the challenges that persist in increasing access to high-speed, high-capacity internet access in the region. With the rapidly increasing high-bandwidth content and applications on the Internet, there is a growing demand for higher-speed connections. For example, at the minimum broadband speed of 256 kbps, downloading a high-quality movie takes almost 1 days compared to 5 minutes at a connection speed of 100 Mbps. With increase in GDP per capita, the propensity to consume increases and thus increases the availability of various services. In the above figure, GDP per capita and the penetration level of broadband services are mapped against each other. Countries like USA, Switzerland, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Canada have high per capita GDP and the broadband penetration is also high in these countries. South Korea has comparatively low per capita GDP but very high broadband penetration. On the other hand, UAE and Saudi Arabia have comparatively high per capita GDP, but their broadband penetration is low. Brazil, Russia and China have comparatively low per capita GDP and their broadband penetration is also low. India is nowhere in the picture in terms of broadband penetration. Data business is seeing a steady growth across global markets. In 2010, data revenue generated per subscriber is highest in US Canada followed by Western Europe, Asia Pacific and Eastern Europe. According to Vodafone, the future of telecom business lies in the mobile data category with majority of the revenue share being generated from there. In 2014, an estimated $337bn revenue will be generated from mobile data business, almost $138bn increase from 2010. India and China are the two emerging economies with substantial number of mobile customers and still having average mobile penetration level at 45% and 54% respectively, thus making them highly lucrative markets for mobile phone service providers. With a high GDP growth, market customers growth and potential for SIM penetration, India is a high value market. Figure: Market Share of Telecom Service Providers Globally (by number of subscribers) (www.knowledgebase-script.com) Globally, China Mobile is in the first position (522m subscribers), followed by Vodafone (333m), Telefonica (202m), America Movil (201m) and Telenor (172m). Two Indian companies Bharti Airtel (125m) and Reliance Communication (100m) are in the top 15 list. 5.1.2. INDIAN SCENARIO The number of telephone subscribers in India increased from 671.69 million in Jun-10 to 723.28 million at the end of Sep-10, registering a sequential growth of 7.68% over the previous quarter as against 8.11% during the QE Jun-10. This reflects year-on-year (Y-O-Y) growth of 42.09% over the same quarter of last year. The overall tele-density in India has reached 60.99 as on 30th September 2010. Subscription in Urban Areas grew from 452.59 million in Jun-10 to 487.07 million at the end of Sep-10, taking the Urban Tele-density from 128.20 to 137.25. Rural subscription increased from 219.09 million to 236.21 million, and the Rural Tele-density increased from 26.43 to 28.42. The share of Rural subscribers has increased slightly to 32.66% in total subscription from 32.62% in Jun-10. About 66.83% of the total net additions have been in Urban areas as compared to 63.47% in the previous quarter. Rural subscription recorded a decline in rate of growth during the quarter, from 9.18% in Jun-10 to 7.81% in Sep-10. Rate of growth for Urban subscription increased marginally from 7.61% in QE Jun-10 to 7.62% in QE Sep-10. With 52.21 million net additions during the quarter, total wireless (GSM + CDMA) subscriber base registered a growth of 8.21% over the previous quarter and increased from 635.51 million at the end of Jun-10 to 687.71 million at the end of Sep-10. The year-on-year (Y-O-Y) growth over the same quarter of last year is 45.79%. Wireless Tele-density reached 57.99. Wireline subscriber base further declined from 36.18 million at the end of Jun-10 to 35.57 million at the end of Sep-10, bringing down the wireline Tele-density from 3.06 in Jun-10 to 3.00 end of Sep-10. Internet subscribers increased from 16.72 million at the end of Jun-10 to 17.90 million at the end of Sep-10, registering a quarterly growth rate of 7.02%. Top 10 ISPs together hold 95% of the total Internet subscriber base. Number of Broadband subscribers increased from 9.47 million at the end of Jun-10 to 10.30 million at the end of Sep-10, registering a quarterly growth of 8.79% and Y-O-Y growth of 42.93%. The growth in the number of Broadband subscribers during the quarter and also on Y-O-Y basis is more or less similar to the growth in the overall telephone subscriber base. Share of Broadband subscription in total Internet subscription increased from 56.7% in Jun-10 to 57.6% in Sep-10. 86.89% of the Broadband subscribers are using Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology. Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) for GSM-Full Mobility service declined by 10.16%, from Rs.122 in QE Jun-10 to Rs.110 in QE Sep- 10, with Y-O-Y decrease of 33.1%. ARPU for CDMA full mobility service declined by 1.34%, from Rs.74 in QE Jun-10 to Rs.73 in QE Sep-10. ARPU for CDMA has declined by 17.5% on Y-O-Y basis. GSM subscription continues to grow at a faster rate. At the end of Sep-10, GSM subscribers constituted 84.12% of the wireless market. The GSM subscribers were 578.49 million at the quarter ending Sep-10 as against 527.62 million at the end of the previous quarter, showing a growth of 9.64%. Bharti with 143.29 million subscribers continues to be the largest GSM mobile operator, followed by Vodafone (115.55 million). The CDMA subscriber base increased to 109.22 million during the quarter ending Sep-10 from 107.88 million at the end of previous quarter, thereby showing a growth rate of 1.23%. Reliance with 55.29 million subscribers continues to be the largest CDMA mobile operator. However, in terms of net additions during the quarter, Sistema added the highest number of subscribers (1.54 million), followed by Tata (1.20 million), rest of the service providers recorded decline in subscribers. Figure: Market Share of Telecom Service Providers (GSM) in India (by number of subscribers in million, 2010) (www.trai.gov.in) 5.2. INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY 5.2.1. INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY FRAMEWORK TRAI The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is the independent regulator established in 1997 by the Government of India to regulate the telecommunications business in India. DoT The Telecom Commission and the Department of Telecommunications are responsiblefor policy formulation, licensing, wireless spectrum management, administrative monitoring of PSUs, research and development and standardization/validation of equipment etc. WPC The Wireless Planning and Co-ordination (WPC) Wing of the Ministry of Communications, created in 1952, is the National Radio Regulatory Authority responsible for Frequency Spectrum Management, including licensing and caters for the needs of all wireless users (Government and Private) in the country. It exercises the statutory functions of the Central Government and issues licenses to establish, maintain and operate wireless stations. WPC is divided into major sections like Licensing and Regulation (LR), New Technology Group (NTG) and Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency Allocation (SACFA). SACFA makes the recommendations on major frequency allocation issues, formulation of the frequency allocation plan, making recommendations on the various issues related to International Telecom Union (ITU), to sort out problems referred to the committee by various wireless users, etc. TDSAT TDSAT (Telecom Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal) was set up in May 2000 by the government of India. The TDSAT was set up so that it can adjudicate over disputes that arise in the telecommunication sector. TDSAT was established with the view to protect the interest of the consumers and service providers of the telecommunication sector and also to encourage and ensure the growth of the telecommunication sector. The various functions of TDSAT (Telecom Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal) are that it can adjudicate any disputes that arise between a group of consumers and service providers, a licensee and a licensor, and also between two or more than the service providers. 5.2.2. INDIAN TELECOM CIRCLES The Indian telecom sector is divided into 23 circles which are as follows: Business Potential of Data Solutions in the Kolkata SME MarketPage 1 Soumya Santa Dwari 10BSP0611 PGPM 2010 12, IBS Kolkata Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar and Jharkhand Chennai Delhi NCR Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Kolkata Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Maharashtra and Goa (except Mumbai) Mumbai North East Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu (except Chennai) UP(E) UP(W) West Bengal (except Kolkata) Business Potential of Data Solutions in the Kolkata SME MarketPage 1 Soumya Santa Dwari 10BSP0611 PGPM 2010 12, IBS Kolkata (www.vodafone.in) 6. VODAFONE Vodafone Group plc is a global telecommunications company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the worlds largest mobile telecommunications company measured by revenues and the worlds second-largest measured by subscribers (behind China Mobile), with around 341 million proportionate subscribers as of November 2010. It operates networks in over 30 countries and has partner networks in over 40 additional countries. It owns 45% of Verizon Wireless, the second largest mobile telecommunications company in the United States measured by subscribers. The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone, chosen by the company to reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones. Its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalization of approximately 92 billion as of November 2010, making it the third largest company on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on NASDAQ. Vodafones operations are categorized in two divisions: Consumer This division caters to the B2C market and primarily operates like a FMCG company. Business This division caters to the B2B market and operates more like a corporate services company. Vodafone Indias Business division is operational in 9 circles. Vodafones Business division operates through marketing sales team and service team. The marketing sales team again operates through KAM (key account manager) They give direct and highly customized service to the corporates and government and are meant for organizations having annual turnover greater than rupees 100 crores. Channel Partner CP is responsible for giving service to small organizations having annual turnover less than rupees 100 crores. 7. VODAFONE: SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Diversified geographical portfolio with strong mobile telecommunications operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and to some extent the US Superior brand image Very good network infrastructure Innovative products and services Strong presence in the urban areas WEAKNESSES Business highly concentrated in the European area than other global markets Weak presence in the rural areas OPPORTUNITIES High growth emerging markets, BRICS countries comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Consolidation in the telecom industry Research and development of new telecom technologies THREATS Highly competitive market with key players indulging in price wars Matured European market with very high penetration rates 8. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN BRIEF We have to explore the SME market of Kolkata region and identify client needs in terms of data solutions. We also need to compare Vodafone with its competitors in terms of product offerings in the areas of business data solutions for the SME segment. Finally, we need to evaluate the business potential of the Kolkata SME segment in terms of data solutions for Vodafone, both at present and in the near future. 9. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT To find understand the requirement of data solutions in Kolkata SME base (business sector specific data solution requirements). To estimate the market size of data solutions in the Kolkata SME base. To compare the data solutions of Vodafone with its competitors. To forecast future product/ service requirements in Kolkata SME base. 10. KOLAKATA SME MARKET The Kolkata region is largely composed of SME companies rather than large MNCs. For Vodafone, a SME would typically be a company, whose annual turnover is in the range of rupees 10 to 250 crores. Vodafone (Kolkata circle) has divided Kolkata region into 6 zones CBD 1 (central business district), CBD 2, North, South, Howrah and Hoogly. The main concentration of SME business in Kolkata is in the central business district area comprising of Dalhousie, BBD Bag, Esplanade, Central Avenue, Burrabazaar, AJC Bose Road, Chowringhee, Park Street, Park Circus, Camac Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Sarat Bose Road, Minto Park, etc. A lot of SME companies in Kolkata will also fall in the IT/ ITES category, which are mainly concentrated at Sector V, Salt Lake and Rajarhat New Town. Typical features of a SME would be: Small workforce Unorganized Will look for more value for money Less buying power compared to corporates Key decision maker would be one or two individuals for all operations 11. VODAFONE: PRODUCTS SERVICES The various products and services of Vodafone that we are dealing with are as follows: Wireless Data Solutions (2G/ 3G) Data Cards/ USB Dongles Blackberry Plans Vodafone Mobile Connect Fixed Line Voice Data Machine to Machine Solutions Telemetry Solutions Vehicle Tracking/ People Tracking/ Asset Tracking Solutions Security Solutions Bulk SMS Toll Free Numbers Audio/ Video Conferencing VPN (virtual private network) GVN (global virtual number)/ Interactive SMS 3G specialized products Office in a Box (1 3G simcard, 1 fixed line slot, 4 slots LAN + Wi-fi) Wi-mi (1 3G simcard, 5 Wi-fi connections) 12. SUMMARY OF THE WORK DONE Initially, we did secondary research on global Indian telecom market, evolution of telecom technologies, SME market, latest trends in the telecom industry (3G, 4G, Machine to Machine solutions, LTE) and various telecom products services. Next, we were given field exposure in terms of tele-marketing, traveling with FOS (Fleet on Street) team, visiting SME clients, visiting company channel partners and market mapping. Next, we designed questionnaire keeping in mind the project objectives. Finally, we conducted market survey. The learning that we achieved by doing the above tasks are of tremendous value for the execution of our project. It not only gave us an insight into how we were going to approach the project but also an invaluable ground level market exposure. From the field exposure we got a clear picture about the micro level sales operations of the telecom business, the Kolkata SME market overview and most importantly the soft skills of client handling. The learning outcomes of the activities undergone are briefly described below. Activity Learning Outcomes Secondary Research Got an overview of the telecom sector (global national) Became aware of the major telecom companies Came to know about the various telecom products services Learnt about the evolution of telecom technologies Also learnt about the latest trends in the telecom industry Got an idea of the SME sector business structure Tele Marketing Learnt the art of sales pitch Learnt about telephone etiquette Got an idea of how to communicate to a business client Learnt about how to influence a potential customer and close a deal Traveling with FOS Got an idea about the basic level sales and client handling operations of a telecom company Got practical experience of face to face business negotiations Learnt about how to keep business relationship with clients Channel Partner visits Learnt about the sales distribution of a telecom company in the B2B sector Got an idea of the operations of a channel partner Learnt about how company and channel partner operations are integrated SME client visits Got a feel of the Kolkata SME companies Became aware of the client expectations from a telecom service provider Got an idea of the clients perception of Vodafone and its products services Learnt about how to professionally handle clients and responsibly execute tasks Market Mapping Exploration of the Kolkata business areas and identification of prospective clients Became aware of the streets of Kolkata in the business localities and the important office buildings Questionnaire Design What information to capture in order to fulfill our project objectives How to frame questions so that we can capture the desired information 13. METHODOLOGY Sample size will be 65 SME companies in the Kolkata area consisting of Vodafone accounts as well as its competitor accounts. Primary research Vodafone management and sales team Vodafone channel partners Client visits and market survey Secondary research Internet Books and journals Magazines and newspapers Qualitative analysis to explore (using bar charts, pie charts, line diagrams scatter plots) Client characteristics Client perceptions Client awareness Client needs (present future) Quantitative analysis to explore (using Excel) Competitor analysis Relationship with business sector product requirements Relationship with client perception purchase behavior 14. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Time constraints: Kolkata SME market is quite huge and telecom data solutions are continuously evolving, thus 3 months is very short duration to do an in-depth analysis. Availability of secondary data: SME market is largely unorganized, so collection of data from the internet, journals, magazines, published reports and industry white books is largely difficult. Information sharing: Most of the SME companies do not follow industry best practices and lack transparency, therefore gathering information from these companies is a tedious job. Reach to top management: Getting information and gaining access to the top management via the gatekeeper, receptionist and the clerk are quite difficult. 15. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN (see appendix for questionnaire) Questions 1 7: To get an overview of the company regarding the business sector, no. of employees, annual turnover, company decision maker, no. of offices. Business sector divided into 16 categories to capture the Kolkata SME market Annual turnover and no. of employees: Options have been categorized into 5 slots keeping in mind that for Vodafone, a SME companys annual turnover will be between rupees 10 to 250 crores. Questions 8 10: To get an idea about the companys telecom service provider, annual telecom expenditure and the telecom services presently used by the company. Telecom service provider: Taken into account major telecom companies like Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance, Tata Teleservices, BSNL, Aircel, Idea Cellular, MTS and Uninor. Annual telecom expenditure: Categorized into 5 options keeping in mind the annual turnover categorization. Typically it is expected that a SME companys annual telecom budget would be 1% of its annual turnover. Telecom products services currently in use: The main products services which might be used by a SME are expected to be fixed line voice data, wireless voice data, bulk SMS, toll free numbers, M2M solutions, VPN, GVN, audio video conferencing, etc. For each of the products in use, we will try to capture the satisfaction level (scaling 1 to 5) and also customer feedback. Question 11: Companys key decision makers awareness regarding telecom products and service providers. Awareness regarding the product services: In this case we will try to capture how aware the client is with the utility and functionality of the products services. Awareness regarding the service providers: This to capture the awareness level of the clients regarding the various telecom service providers with respect to each product service. Questions 12 17: To get a clear picture regarding the client needs, perception of the client with respect to telecom products services and the key attributes that might influence the clients buying behavior. Service provider choice and importance: Here we will try to capture the extent of influence of certain attributes on the clients buying behavior. Comparison of different telecom service providers according to clients perception: Here we will try to get a comparative picture of the different service providers according to the clients perception with respect to certain attributes and products services. Questions 18 26: To analyze the clients future product requirements, changes in the clients business thus its product requirements and the impact of telecom solutions on the clients business. Scaling has been done from 5 to 1, 5 being the most preferable or the highest value and 1 being the least preferable or the lowest value. 16. ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET SURVEY The target companies of the market research belong to the SME category, with annual turnover ranging between 10 to 250 crore rupees. These companies belong to various business sectors such as manufacturing, engineering, IT/ ITES, financial services, healthcare, etc. Due to time constraints the sample size has been restricted to 65. The target companies are mainly located at Salt Lake Sector 5 and Central Kolkata. The analysis will cover companies profile description, SME market size estimation (based on the sample) with respect to various telecom products specially data solutions, SME client perception regarding importance of certain attributes of telecom service providers, competition among the telecom companies and finally future implications in context of business potential in the Kolkata SME market. Figure: Business Sector-wise Division of the Sample Companies The companies in the sample mainly belong to the IT/ ITES sector (9 companies), followed by other services category (8 companies). The other services category mainly include CA companies, legal companies, consultancy, etc. Next comes banking financial services and manufacturing (7 companies each). After that comes engineering and education (6 companies each). From business sector to sector, the business operations of a company change a great deal and thus changes their product and service requirements. Figure: Annual Turnover of the Sample Companies Majority of the companies in the sample have annual turnover in the range 50 100 crore rupees. Only very few companies have turnover in the higher ranges. In total about 21 companies fall in the turnover category of 50 100 crore rupees. This is closely followed by the range 101 150 crore rupees, in which around 18 companies fall. Next comes the category of 50 crore rupees, in which 17 companies fall. More the turnover of a company, the propensity to invest for better functioning of business operations increases. Thus for companies with higher turnovers, their capacity to consume superior quality telecom products and services increases irrespective of the price. Figure: Employee Strength of the Sample Companies Majority of the target SME companies have employees in the range 50 100, with 19 companies falling in this category. Figure: Annual Telecom Expenditure of the Sample Companies Majority of the companies annual telecom expenditure falls in the category of 1-50 lac rupees. Only six companies have annual telecom expenditure above 150 lac rupees. Figure: Market Size of the Target Sample Fixed line voice has the highest number of connections (1479 connections) in the target sample followed by data cards (592 connections) and blackberry (348 connections). With the advent of 3G in India, the growth potential of wireless data solutions like data cards, blackberry services and internet on mobile is immense. In the coming years, wireless data will be the main revenue generator for telecom companies. Figure: Fixed Line Voice Market Share among Target Companies Airtel has the largest number of fixed line voice connections among the sample companies with number of connections at 563. BSNL comes second with number of connections at 458. Figure: Internet Leased Line Market Share among Target Companies In this case, Reliance (11 connections) is the market leader followed by Airtel (7 connections). Figure: Wireline Broadband Market Share among Target Companies In this case, Airtel (64 connections) has the largest presence with BSNL (47 connections) in the second position. Figure: Data Cards Market Share among Target Companies In this product category, Tata Teleservices (167 connections) is the market leader followed by Reliance (126 connections). Figure: Blackberry Market Share among Target Companies Vodafone has the largest number of Blackberry services subscribers (97 connections) among the sample companies and it is closely followed by Airtel (89 connections). Figure: Client Perception with respect to the importance of the Telecom Service Providers Attributes Brand image would be that attribute of a company which explains how a customer would perceive that company. Higher brand value signifies that the customer will aspire to associate and relate with the brand. Lower brand value on the other hand signifies that the customer will most unlikely associate with the brand. Brand image of a company will largely depend on how it endorses its products, quality of its products and how extensively it penetrates the lives of people. Quality in case of data solutions signifies the data transfer speed, network connectivity and network coverage. Price in case of data solutions includes the one time investment in the equipment (blackberry handset, usb dongle, modems, etc) and also periodical subscription charges. Customer service indicates how customer grievances are handled and also to what extent customer enquiries are addressed to. Promotional offers are time to time endorsements to existing customers regarding best value deals so that they are delighted and remain loyal to the company. Innovative solutions indicate how effective the company is in constantly improving their products and addressing the consumer needs by providing customized products and services. User friendliness of products and services means how easily the customer can use the products and avail the services with negligible amount of glitches. Professionalism and transparency indicate to what extent the company is receptive towards consumer needs and how information is shared without any distortions. For example, how company handles billing and customer complains. Most of the clients regard quality and customer service as the two most important attributes for their choice of telecom service providers. Next come price and professionalism transparency. Promotional offers are least important for them. Vodafone has got the highest brand value from the sample clients and is followed by Airtel. This was quite expected owing to the fact that Vodafone spends a lot of money on advertisements and also does sponsorships in a big way. The Zoo Zoo campaign is already a big success. The sample clients have rated Reliance as the most customer service oriented company. It is closely followed by Airtel and Vodafone. In this regard, Vodafone scores the highest and is followed by Airtel and Reliance. In this case, Reliance (4.2 score) scores highest in terms of quality, BSNL (4.1 score) scores highest in terms of price and Airtel (3.9 score) scores highest in terms of promotional offers. In case of Blackberry services, Vodafone (4.6 score) scores highest in terms of quality, Tata Teleservices (4.2 score) scores highest in terms of price and Airtel (4.2 score) scores highest in terms of promotional offers. In this case, Tata Teleservices (4.6 score) scores highest in terms of quality, BSNL (4.2 score) scores highest in terms of price and Tata Teleservices (4.1 score) scores highest in terms of promotional offers. Among the sample companies, the ones who responded that they are most likely to switch their telecom service provider, the main reason for switching is over-priced followed by products services below expectations. Majority of the companies responded that there is a probability that the workforce of the company might increase. 17. CONCLUSION The SME market is a lucrative market with high potential for wireless data solutions. Quality and customer service are the two most important considerations for SME clients regarding telecom service provider choice. Considering data solutions usage, companies belonging to sectors like IT/ ITES, education, financial services, other services, manufacturing and engineering are the frontrunners. Fixed line market will be gradually stagnating. With the advent of 3G, wireless data will be the high growth business vertical and largely revenue generation will happen from this segment. In the wireless data market, Vodafone is in competitive position with respect to Blackberry services, but it is lagging behind others with respect to data cards. Vodafone is superior to others in context to brand image and professionalism transparency, but is behind others with respect to customer service. Vodafone is a new entrant in the fixed line business and may stiff competition from existing players like Airtel, Reliance and BSNL. 18. RECOMMENDATIONS Vodafone should focus on wireless data domain. Vodafone has to improve in terms of customer service. Vodafone has a lot to do regarding data cards with respect to product improvement and market penetration. Vodafone should focus on business sectors that have large requirements for data solutions and those sectors primarily are IT/ ITES, education, financial services, other services, manufacturing and engineering.

The Wood Bird Poem Analysis - 1078 Words

Living in the 21st century, getting caught up in the hectic pace of life is easy. Our egoistic and obsessive natures are forever fantasizing about always wanting more. However, when that doesn’t happen, we quickly blame life and disregard the fact that maybe this could be one of those bad experiences that mold us into becoming a better person. Perhaps influenced by this, John Reibetanz wrote the poem â€Å"The Wood Bird†, revealing the selfish nature of humans and their inability to appreciate. As the relationship between water and a piece of wood is discovered, Reibetanz shows his readers how the word ‘water’ viscously shapes a piece of wood to its perfection, representing precisely the imperfectness of life shapes us. This creation versus†¦show more content†¦Thus, the poet’s use of metaphor in this sense helps show how the relationship between water and the piece of wood is very similar to the relationship between life and humans. Natural ly, with metaphors comes personification. Reibetanz uses personification to establish a connection between water and the piece of wood, allowing readers to instantly recognize this and compare it with reality. In the poem, Reibetanz description of water goes from being so innocent to all of a sudden, violent and strong: â€Å"The shiver / that might have followed a more savage find / came on now, its strength surprising me.† (Reibetanz 30-32). This personification shows that water is powerful, but powerful in the sense that it is able to create such a masterpiece from a blunt piece of wood. Relating this to life, we know it’s flawed, but it being flawed gives us the chance to improve and perfect ourselves. Furthermore, when the poet writes, â€Å"fingerless, blind, the waves had carved / and planed, distressed and sanded the wood† (Reibetanz 33-34), he describes how water, being a lifeless object, was able to create such a perfect piece of art. 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Hip- Hop Has Become A Phenomenon Throughout Youth Culture.

Hip- hop has become a phenomenon throughout youth culture. Many believed hip-hop was only a phase of music like disco, but as the genre continued to expand and evolve, it became clear that hip-hop was here to stay. (History of hip- hop: past, present, future) Hip- hop is made up of 2 main elements, DJing and rapping. DJ is short for disc jockey, which is a person who usually uses turntables to make music, and rapping is talking and chanting in an easy and familiar manner. (Hip-Hop: A Short History) In writing this research paper, I will explain the most impactful years of hip-hop, and the events surrounding them, starting from 1979, when Sugarhill Gang released â€Å"Rappers Delight†. Hip-hop started in the South Bronx’s of New York City.†¦show more content†¦Hip-hop was strongly geared towards the black community in the beginning, and was a way for artist to speak up about the problems that impacted the community. 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DBQ Middle Ages Essay Example for Free free essay sample

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages can be defined as a time of feudalism and suffering. The label that best describes the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe is the Age of Feudalism. The Middle Ages should be labeled as the Age of Feudalism because of the absences of imperial authority that was reinstated by a local political organization that should be known as the feudal system. Its disperse system dominated and influenced the economic, political and social aspects of Western Europe. The age of feudalism gave Europe a government. Europe’s society had no government when the period of The Middle Ages began. â€Å"The barbarians have broken through the ramparts. The Saracen [Moors] invasions have spread in successive waves over the South. The Hungarians swarm over the Eastern provinces†¦they sacked town and village and laid waste to fields. They burned down the churches and then departed with a crowd of captives†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on DBQ Middle Ages Essay Example for Free or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is no longer any trade, only unceasing terror†¦.The peasant has abandoned his ravaged fields to avoid the violence of anarchy. The people have gone to cower in the depths of the forests or in inaccessible regions, or have taken refuge in the high mountains†¦. Society has no longer any government†¦.†After the fall of the Roman empire, the territories had to protect themselves from the outside invaders. To do this, local kingdoms would trade land to those who would send knights to protect the kingdom. In document two John of Toul is a vassal to the count and countess of Champagne and takes the Homage Oath â€Å" I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liegeman of the [count and countess of Champagne]†¦.I will aid the count of Champagne in my own person, and will send the count and countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them for the fief which I hold of them†¦.†.The feudal system was established from obligations between landlords in their vassals. Everyone but the king had a ruling lord above them to whom they gave loyalty, military service, and ransom in exchange for land and protection. Around 90% of the people worked as peasants. Peasants worked hard and died young. For safety, peasants in the Middle Ages formed little communities around a central lord or master. Most people lived on an isolated manner, which consisted of the castle, church, village and surrounding farmland. Not only did the Age of Feudalism have some advantages but it also had some disadvantages. Peasants were the ones to feel as if it was a disadvantage. Serfs made a livelihood living in which they had to forfeit essentially everything in order for them to keep their homes. This is the reason that the middle ages should be labeled as â€Å"the Age of Feudalism†.

The Authors Create Tension and Suspense Essay Example For Students

The Authors Create Tension and Suspense Essay In short stories, they often make you assume things that are going to happen, as the writer has a limited space to make it a short story. Short stories tend to have a very clear structure- beginning, middle and end. Children are keen on reading short stories, as they are not complex and small number of characters, which make it easier for them to read. Adults also like reading them because they are compact and engaging.  Ã‚  A Terribly Strange Bed and The Whole Towns Sleeping are both classified as horror that the writers ensure the readers will have a horrific moment during the story. We will write a custom essay on The Authors Create Tension and Suspense specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Both stories have a similar theme of expressing tension but are subtly different.  Ã‚  A Terribly Strange Bed is a pre- twentieth century short story, which was written by Wilkie Collins. It is about a young man who finished college in Paris and he likes taking new adventure. The Whole Towns Sleeping by Ray Bradbury, is a more modern story. It is about a middle-age single woman who wants to take risks. The two stories have many similarities although they were written in completely different eras. The main characters in both of the stories have their similarities, they both have the confidence to take risks and are independent. Lavinia in The Whole Towns sleeping said, Im just not afraid, and Im curious. They both are set in the same situation where they would not listen to their friends advice. When her friend Francine tried to persuade Lavinia to stay for a night, she said No thanks. The roles of friends in both of the stories are extremely important. These people always give advice to the main characters, but they never listen to them and lead to a tragic ending. This is shown in The Whole Towns Sleeping when Lavinias friend Francine asks her to stay at her house that night, in case anything happen. But Lavinia chooses not to, as she is a risk seeker. Where once again shown her confidence. This also helped to show clearer personality of the main character and built up suspense. The main contrast in both stories is the language used, A Terribly Strange Bed was written in the 1900 and it contains many words and phrases that would not have been used in the twentieth century when The Whole Towns Sleeping was written. In addition, Wilkie Collins tended to use archaic language all the way through the story, such as of all the ghastly respectabilities of such a social anomaly as a respectable gambling-house. The Whole Towns Sleeping is written in a third person form which can make the readers less involved. On the other hand, A Terribly Strange Bed is about the writers own experience, which makes the readers feel more involved and makes the story more believable. Tension is also built with the third person form in The Whole Towns Sleeping as the reader is following Lavinia in the story, whereas A Terribly Strange Bed talks about the past, therefore less tension is built. The two stories have a similar atmosphere about them; they are both in tense throughout the story. A Terribly Strange Bed shows horrific imagery of the gambling place. Imagery of death is also shown in the story, vulture eyes what Wilkie Collins described the blackguard as. This has shown the reality of blackguardism, also it is hinting something will happen with the blackguards later on in the story. From this line in A Terribly Strange Bed-My blood seemed to stand still. A deadly paralysing coldness stole all over me, which shows how the narrator must have been horrified by the experience. While, The Whole Towns sleeping has also got clear imagery of death, where the town was described with its silence,. Instead it has a constant eerie imagery throughout the story. Someones following me, Someones on the steps behind me. I dont dare to turn round. Which make people always feel as if they are being observed. .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .postImageUrl , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:visited , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:active { border:0!important; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:active , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Romeo and Juliet are victims of unrelenting fate against which they cannot rebel effectively. All they can do is submit with courage and dignity." EssaySimilarly, both stories have created tension all the way through the story. The Whole Towns Sleeping uses repetition, safe, safe, safe, where as A Terribly Strange Bed uses long descriptions to increase the drama. Alternatively, the pace of The Whole Towns Sleeping is fast and furious, unlike A Terribly Strange Bed, where the pace of the story is slow and frustrating. This is shown throughout, as Wilkie Collins tended to describe in full details at the beginning. Although, the pace has increased up to the point, where The French old solider was shouting and crying out, but soon the pace gradually slow down again. Tension rises up to its climax when inanimate objects were brought to life in A Terribly Strange Bed, whichcreates a threatening effect on the writer and readers. Equally, tension rises up to its climax in The Whole Towns Sleeping when Lavinia heard someone clear his throat when she thought home was the safest place to be. As the story is written in third person form, tension is also built up at the end- whether she has survived or not. Constant false leads and alarm appeared constantly throughout the whole story, where Lavinia heard a mans voice singing while she was walking home, and that was Officer Kennedy. However, both stories have certain cliffhangers at the end of each paragraph, which also helped to build up tension. The two stories are set in different place and written in different eras. A Terribly Strange Bed is set in Paris, a delightful city, while The Whole Towns Sleeping is set in a little town far away from everything, whereas this helped to build up suspense for readers, as bizarre always seem to occur in silence area.  Ã‚  Each story has a very contrasting opening and ending. In A Terribly Strange Bed, Wilkie Collins gives a long and clear description of himself and Paris. While in The Whole Towns Sleeping, the town and the main character are not described in details, where less tension is carried out, as the readers do not feel detached with the characters and the place. With the endings, The Whole Towns Sleeping left a cliffhanger, where suspense was built. But in A Terribly Strange Bed, it ends with everything is resolved, the writers feeling and the moral of the story. An identical technique was used in both of the stories. The writers tended to use questions to convey the fear of the main character. What could I do? says by the main character in A Terribly Strange Bed while he cannot get into sleep during that remarkable night; Lavinia tried to convince herself while she reached the ravine, Nothings happened, has it? No one around, is there? Remember that old ghost story you told each other when you are children? I found reading short stories is more challenging and enjoyable, as they are more unique and you can get more involved rather than a novel. Personally, I like them because they are short and excitements can be easily built onto it. I also found it is fairly different to novel, where a long plot and an incredible length of introduction are always included.  Ã‚  I would say The Whole Towns Sleeping is more effective, as it was written in 20th century, which I found it easier to understand. Also with the contrasting ending where I still do not know Lavinia is alive or not. Which I thought the writer has cleverly left a cliffhanger for the readers to think about the ending on their own. Whereas A Terribly Strange Bed has an ending where everything is sorted out. It makes the reader feeling less relief.